زهرا خلفی

عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دزفول

چکیده

با بررسي و تدبّر در آثار ابوتراب جلي، مي توان او را استادي مسلّم در شعر و ادب شمـرد كـه همگام با سرودن اشعار جدّ در قالب هاي غزل، قصيده، مثنوي، تركيب بند و ... در زمينه ي طنز و فكاهي نيز يكي از پيش كسوتان و طنزپردازان صاحب نام ايران است.

     سوژه های دلپذیر استاد ابوتراب جلي از ميان جامعه و مردم نشأت مي گرفت که نمونه های بارز آن را در نشریّه های نهیب آزادی، نامة اراک و نیز در کتاب های «دوالپا» و«خروس بی محل» می توان مشاهده نمود. زبان طنز او که در بسیاری از موارد زبانی سیاسی و اجتماعی است از اشعاری که در این زمینه در نشریّات چلنگر، توفیق، گل آقا و ... سروده شده است، مشخّص می گردد.

In the name of God

Reflection of social problems in poem of contemporary poet, Abootorab Jali

Zahra Khalafi

Member of scientific group of Azad university of Dezful

Abstract

With review and reflection in the works Abootorab Jali, no doubt he can be count as one of best poetry and literature masters the along with writing serious poems in the form of sonnets, ode, Masnavi, paragraph composite-tie and … in Irony and satire field one of the pioneers and well-known Iranian satirist.

Professor Aootorab jali's pleasant subjects originated from people and community that the obvious examples of them can be observed in publication "dread freedom", "Arak nameh" and in books "Davalpa" and "untimely rooster". His satire in many cases is the political and social language, that the poems in this field have been composed in Chalangar, Tofigh, Golagha publications and … .

This great teacher spent nearly seventy-five precious years of his valuable life in the service of Persian poetry and literature and he has compared with Gods of gold and power and deception. He has advocated suffering and oppressed people in his community and according what he said "satire likes the sweet glaze neutralizes the bitterness of truth" God blesses him and give his mercy.

Key words: Poetry, Journal, Golagha, Chalangar, Tofigh

Introduction

In vertex of Persian poetry and literature some humans shin who could add a precious bezel on the crown of Persian literature and increase its sparkle and glitter. They endeavor for alertness and awareness of humans, and mention impermissibility and deficiencies of their society with astuteness and attention in social climate, and try to pull a wave from clamorous waves of difficulties of sea society with paddle of quotation, poetry and word, and treat a pain from society pains. They aren't unfamiliar with common pain of people, they use bite pen and satire language of poetry and literature as weapon for defense of painstaking and laborious and show deprivation of mass of people and society. Their goal is crease understanding and social intelligence of people of society, sense of social responsibility compounds with nature of poet, and assists him in doing apostolate who has in regard to society.

Among this litterateurs and orators, Abootorab Jali "Dezful's thinker" can obtain this goal with social poetry and satire writing and keen pen, although in the way of this desire was imprisoned for some times and tested Savak poison. He cooperates with two critical and humor newspaper by the name of "Chalangar" and "Tofigh", and writes some article and critical poetry to fight against cruelty and autocracy.

Complaint about his time and tendency to expression of the pains of deprived people is reflected in his poetry. He considers to excruciating life of farmer, worker, divested mass, and hard working group of society and takes notice to people pains.

Context

In "Simaye Shaeran" book writes about Abootorab Jali as below:

Abootorab son of Hosseyn, who his pen name "Khuzestanian modest" was born in 1287 solar in Dezful, and passed his life in Tehran. He is a contemporary famous poet, and had changeable life, he presented worthwhile works to world of culture and art, include:

Long versified like "Musa" and "Ebrahim" which published in 1331-34 and have been republished in this years, and "Ali and Moavieh" book, "Hosseyn Kord" and collected poems by the names of: "song", "love and chastity" -which first edition of it was in 1316 in Arak– "storm", "Mysteries of devil", "Davalpa", and "untimely rooster" which has published with introduction of seyed Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh. ^[1]

Jali published most of his works in newspaper and magazines in borrowed signs as drudge, hidden, khoshe chin, Majid Kamrava, Jalil, number, vim, voice, sparks, J-Arasteh, somebody, playful, obtrusive, Mirza Kayenat, philosopher, Ali Varjeh, and the other pen name. Some of his works published in "Chalangar" which is satire and critical newspaper, and one of his works is "Ebrahim book" which is one of masterpiece of Persian contemporary poetry.

Jali is one of great and capable contemporary poets who has skill not only in satire and critical poetry, but also in compose of lyric poem. Furthermore he is master in stair writings, and his satires which were published in newspapers caused to increase their prosperity and their credit. ^[2]

This paper considers the reflection of social problems in poetries of this humanism poet, and studies his works in two parts, seriousness works and satire works.

A) Seriousness works

Some example of his social poetry:

-    "Essence of life" which shows terrible life of Iranian farmer of poet's period time, who lives in bereavement.

-    "Waves of life" which shows attention of poet to pains of painstaking of society that this poetry is as an example in this paper.

Waves of life

An oppressed farmer all the time in the world

                        Worked so much and didn't get any profit of the world

Spring passed and fall passed too

                        This poor personal didn't know about their passed

Someday when branch of trees began green

                        He had not anything even torn clothes

Someday, when nightingale made a nest in the garden

                        He had a nest on the corner of cage

Someday when raindrop fall from cloud's eye

                      He had not anything except a broken heart and current tear ^[3]

-    In "Ali and Aghil" poetry he mentions the regarding rights of oppressed and equality of humans rights in getting income of treasury.^[4]

The other of his poetries with social background is as below:

-    "Ali Omid" in Chalangar journal, number 89, 1330, first year.

-    "Season of flower" in Chalangar journal, number 111, page 4.

-    "To teacher of morality of society" in Mostahkam journal, number 1, page 5, 1329/6/9.

-    "Damn on killer of Ali asghar" in Chalangar journal, number 54, first year, page 1, 1330/8/17.

-    "Hospitality" in Tofigh journal, number 1, page 2, 1326/7/16.

-    "Right and account" in Golagha journal, number 31, fourth year, page 6, 1372/8/13.

Social couplet poems:

-    "Our victory was certain" in Chalangar journal, continued number 137, second year, page 3.

-    "Coat and trousers" in Chalangar journal, number 13, page 1, 1330/3/9.

-    "Fetr feast" in Chalangar journal, number 21, first year, page 1, 1330/4/13.

-    "King and hunt" in Arak newspaper, number 727, page 2, 1319/6/3.

-    "Night of feast" in Chalangar journal, number 105, second year, page 1, 1330/12/26.

-    "New Moslem" in Chalangar journal, number 49, first year, page 1, 1330/7/6.

-    "Boarding houses" in Chalangar journal, number 34, first year, page 4, 1330/5/31.

-    "Soviet film" in Chalangar journal, number 38, first year, page 1, 1330/6/11.

-    "Congratulation" in Chalangar journal, number 9, first year, 1330/2/12.

-    "Worker's festal" in Chalangar journal, number 3, page 2, 1330/1/1.

-    "Celebration of May" in Chalangar journal, number 117, page 1, 1331.

Social Odes:

-    "Cold period" in Tofigh journal, number 4, twenty eighth year, 1328/9/3.

-    "Evolution" in Tofigh journal, number 13, page 5, 1328/11/6.

B) Satire works

1-Multiple Poetry:

-     "Haft sin" in Tofigh journal, number 20, page 4, 1327/1/1.

2- Lyric poem:

-     "He knows" in Tofigh journal, number 11, page 3, 1328/10/15.

-     "We have fun" in Tofigh journal, number 13, page 3, 1328/11/6.

-     "Moonlight night and ragged cloud" in Golagha journal, number 8, second year, page 5, 1370/3/7.

-     "How it was good" in 17 monthly Golagha journal, number 10, second year, page 3, 1371/10/3.

-     "He displays" in Tofigh journal, number 35, twenty sixth year, page 8, 1327/4/30.

-     "Accompanying of fast" in Tofigh journal, number 37, twenty sixth years, page 8, 1327/5/20.

-     "Ice water" in Tofigh journal, number 37, twenty sixth years, page 8, 1327/5/27.

-     "Hey private sector" in Golagha journal, number 13, fifth year, page 6, 1373/4/9.

-     "No stopping" in Tofigh journal, number 42, page 4, 1345.

-     "Herculean task" Salnameh thirty ninth Tofigh year, number 1, page 6, 1338/12/26.

-     "Workless" in Golagha journal, number 30, fourth year, page 6, 1372/9/6.

-     "Dizin" in Golagha journal, number 41, forth year, page 6, 1372/10/23.

-     "In every second" in Golagha journal, number 5, fifth year, page 6, 1373/2/8.

3- Implication:

-     "At the time of fall" 14 monthly Golagha journal, number 7, second year, 1371/7.

4- Couplet poems:

-     "Four years old clothes" in Golagha journal, number 94, first year, page 4, 1330.

-     "For breakfast" in Arak journal, number 741, page 2, 1319/8/25.

-     "Presidency of the work" in Golagha journal, number 5, first year, 1330/1.

-     "Broth" in Chalangar journal, number 63, first year, page 4, 1330/8/9.

-     "Cleaning the house" in Chalangar journal, number 3, third year, page 1-2, 1331/12/28.

-     "Behest" in Golagha journal, number 18, second year, 1370/5/29.

-     "Don’t deceive you" in Mostahkam journal, number 45, page 2, 1329/6/16.

-     "Charge of education" in Golagha journal, number 44, fourth year, page 6, 1372/11/14.

-     "United Nation" in Golagha journal, number 36, fourth year, page 6, 1372/9/18.

-     "No entry" in Golagha journal, number 11, fifth year, page 6, 1373/3/19.

5- Fragment:

-     "Bat of anathema" in Tofigh journal, number 14, page 4, 1326/11/21.

-     "Cheating" in 16 monthly Golagha journal, number 9, second year, 1371/9.

-     "Eatable" in Golagha journal, number 7, fifth year, page 6, 1373/2/22.

6- Ode:

-     "Hey boy" in Tofigh journal, number 3, page 3, 1328/8/26.

Conclusion

With review and reflection in the works Abootorab Jali, no doubt he can be count as one of best poetry and literature masters the along with writing serious poems in the form of sonnets, ode, Masnavi, paragraph composite-tie and … in Irony and satire field one of the pioneers and well-known Iranian satirist. His immortal works, including religious stories of Moses (AS), Ebrahim (AS) and Ali (AS) that have been written in the form Masnavi indicating struggles, sacrifices and excessive of great men in advocacy of oppressed people of community who the oppress and injustice breaks their necks, they have arose and resurrected.

They assist the people who erode under the wheel of tyranny and oppression and save them that to play the full their humanitarian mission. Also the story of Hosseyn korde Shabestari (the second valiant) in the form of the Masnavi poem that it is written with satire language and Hosseyn kord stands against oppressors to defend social rights of oppressed people.

Professor Abootorab jali from the early of teens and even in age always was a searching and struggle poet in writing, compose of poem and satire. He was an expressive language for the people of his era and his pleasant prose and sweet poems is located in Iranian interest. His pleasant subjects originated from people and community that the obvious examples of them can be observed in publications "dread freedom", "Arak nameh" and in books "Davalpa" and "untimely rooster". His satire in many cases is the political and social language, that the poems in this field have been composed in Chalangar, Tofigh, Golagha publications and … .

This great teacher spent nearly seventy-five precious years of his valuable life in the service of Persian poetry and literature and he has compared with Gods of gold and power and deception.  He has advocated suffering and oppressed people in his community and according what he said "satire likes the sweet glaze neutralizes the bitterness of truth" God blesses him and give his mercy.

Footnotes

[1] Simaye Shaeran, p 116.

[2] Iran's contemporary famous speakers, p 998.

[3] Simaye Shaeran, pp 116, 118.

[4] Iran's contemporary famous speakers, p 1003.

Sources

[1] Kermani, Saber, Simaye Shaeran, Eghbal edition and publication third edition, 1380.

[2] Borghaei, Seyed Mohammad Bagher, Iran's contemporary famous speakers, second volume, Khorram publication, first edition, 1373.

[3] Different numbers of Chalangar, Tofigh, Mostahkam, Golagha publications, and Arak newspaper.

Good luck